LESSON TITLE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

OBJECTIVES:

1. The students will explain why this time period was called
the Era of Good Feelings.

2. They will be able to explain the parts of Clay's American
System.

3.

LESSON SUMMARY:

This lesson will look at the period of stability after the War of 1812. Emphasis will be given to the emergence of Henry Clay and his national politics.

ASSIGNMENTS:

1. recall worksheets

2.

NOTES

CREATED January 1994

REVISED

I. Era of Good Feelings 1817-1825

A. Refers to presidency of James Monroe

1. friend of Jefferson and Madison

2. took over Democratic-Republican party

a. Federalists disgraced by War of 1812

3. serve two terms

B. Period of unusual political unity

1. one major party

2. it controlled federal and state govts

C. Madison no opposition in 1820

1. plus political unity

2. negative sectional rivalry

a. problem that would worsen

II. Henry Clay

A. Important politician firs half of 19th century

1. Senator from Kentucky

2. make four attempts at the presidency

a. lose each time

B. Developed the American System

1. political agenda for the country

a. influenced by Alexander Hamilton

b. placed national interests over sectional
2. favored strong economic growth

a. industrial & agricultural

b. help unite the country

3. endorsed a protective tariff

a. helped U.S. manufacturers

b. consumers paid higher prices

c. more expensive imports

4. promoted internal improvements

a. govt build roads and canals

b. sometimes called pork

5. supported Second Bank of the United States

a. handled govts finances

b. first BUS expired 1811

c. 2nd BUS created in 1816

III. Panic of 1819

A. Panic collapse of the business cycle

B. Happened frequently in 1800s

C. Caused by too easy credit

1. many poor loans made by state banks

2. loans not backed by gold or silver

a. speculation

3. 2nd BUS recalled many loans

a. many state banks couldn't pay their
notes

b. they went bankrupt

4. fear also caused healthy banks to fail

LESSON TITLE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

OBJECTIVES:

1. Students will review serious problem of slavery.

2. They will be able to fully describe the Compromise of
1820.

3. They will be able to explain the Monroe Doctrine

LESSON SUMMARY:

Slavery was a terrible problem that most politicians sought to avoid. This unit will look at the Compromise of 1820.

ASSIGNMENTS:

1. Map work. Essays on the Compromise. recall worksheets

2. Irony and the Monroe Doctrine

NOTES

CREATED January 1994

REVISED

I. First heated crisis over slavery

A. Issue at the Constitutional Convention

1. Southerners wanted slaves to count for
representation

a. slaves couldn't vote

b. slaves had no rights

B. Threatened to wreak the Convention

1. slowly formed a compromise

2. slavery never mentioned in the Constitution

C. Created 3/5 clause

1. five slaves counted as three free men

a. for representation

b. for taxes

2. Importing slaves to end in 1808

a. illegal after 1808

b. smuggling began after 1808

D. Attitude of founding fathers

1. slavery thought to be dying institution

2. changed in 1793

a. Eli Whitney invented cotton gin

3. greatly expanded cotton industry

a. fueled demand for more slaves

II. Roots of the crisis of 1820

A. Growth of Sectionalism

1. three competing regions

2. placed their own interests over national

3. strongly divisive force in history

B. Northeast

1. most populous region

2. manufacturing and trade

a. banking also important

C. South

1. slowest growing in terms of people

2. controlled by aristocrats

a. plantation owners

3. exporters of cotton and tobacco

a. trade mainly with England

D. West

1. region beyond the Appalachian mountains

2. contains the frontier areas

3. mostly small farms

E. Relationship among three sections - competition
1. all trying to influence the govt

III. Demographics

A. Study of population growth

B. Simple problem

1. free states growing much faster than the
slave states

2. free states controlled the House

C. The South feared loss of political power

1. see scenarios slavery was outlawed

2. presidency, House, and Senate could all be
controlled by free states

D. 1820 Missouri applied for statehood

1. debate over whether it should be slave or
free

2. if it was free the balance in the Senate
tipped to free states

a. South bitterly opposed this

3. 1820: 11 free, 11 slave states

E. Henry Clay engineered the Compromise of 1820

1. also called the Missouri Compromise

IV. Compromise of 1820

A. Missouri entered as a slave state

B. Maine entered as a free state

1. separated from Massachusetts

C. Saved the balance in the Senate

1. supported by both sides

D. Also limited slavery's expansion

1. 36⁰ 30^' Missouri Compromise Line

a. Missouri's southern border

2. slavery not permitted north of that line
in rest of Louisiana Purchase

E. Slavery clearly a future threat

V. Monroe Doctrine 1823

A. Foreign policy statement

1. very weak when first issued

2. issued near end of Monroe's 2nd term

B. Spain continued to weaken as a world power

1. colonies revolted many times

2. most won independence after 1820

a. Spain opposed their independence

C. 1823 Spanish intentions to reconquer her North
American colonies

1. had the support of France

2. strongly opposed by Britain and the U.S.

D. Monroe Doctrine formed to warn Spain

1. also a warning to Europe

2. cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy 1820s -
1930s

a. very important document

3. mostly American bluff at the time

VI. Parts of the Monroe Doctrine

A. Declared end of North American colonization

B. U.S. opposed European interference in the former North American colonies

1. mainly aimed at Spain, France, Britain

C. U.S. would stay out of European affairs

1. especially wars

LESSON TITLE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

OBJECTIVES:

1. The students will study the years 1824 - 1828.

2. They will be able to describe the reemergence of
political parties.

3.

LESSON SUMMARY:

This lesson will focus on the second half of the 1820s. It will provide the background to the election of Andrew Jackson.

ASSIGNMENTS:

1.

2.

NOTES

CREATED January 1994

REVISED

I. Political Changes

A. Restricted Voting

1. endorsed by founding fathers

2. property qualifications

B. Disenfranchised Groups - no vote

1. Propertyless men 2. Catholics

3. Jews 4. Quakers

5. Women 6. Blacks

C. Expansion helped Democracy

1. new states freer than the old

2. pioneers given the vote

3. move to universal manhood suffrage

D. Democratic-Republican party began to weaken

1. sectional differences main cause

2. would lead to two party system

E. Demise of Presidential Caucus

1. system party leaders picked presidential
nominee

2. used in 1824

3. would be replaced by nominating convention

II. Election of 1824

A. One party race - Democratic-Republicans

B. Sectionalism emerges

1. greater loyalty to region of country

2. divisive force

C. Four Candidates run

1. William Crawford

a. very ill health at time

b. picked by the caucus

c. support in the South

2. Henry Clay

a. popular speaker

b. former War Hawk

c. represented the West

3. Andrew Jackson

a. limited political experience

b. general and war hero

c. extremely popular

d. also from the West

4. John Quincy Adams

a. son of a president

b. experienced politically

c. best educated candidate

d. support came from the Northeast

D. Jackson won the most popular votes

1. popular votes do not elect the president

2. did not have majority of electoral votes

3. Election of 1824 decided by the House

a. Jackson thought he should win

b. using most votes argument

E. Henry Clay

1. pivotal role

2. realizes he can't get a majority in the
House

3. rival of Andrew Jackson

4. Urges his supporters in the House to vote
for Adams

F. John Quincy Adams wins

1. House elected him president

2. appointed Clay to Secretary of State

G. Jackson charges fraud

1. "Corrupt Bargain"

a. slogan for next election

2. Accuses Adams and Clay of an unethical
deal

III. Election of 1828

A. Candidates Adams and Jackson

B. Dirty election

1. name calling over issues

2. mudslinging

C. Worst rumors about Rachel Jackson

1. married before

2. may have married Jackson before divorce
final

a. called a sinner

3. scandal caused her death

D. Jackson won the bitter election

1. John C. Calhoun was his V.P.

2. Calhoun had been Adams's V.P.