LESSON TITLE ENGLISH COLONIES 1600-1700S

OBJECTIVES:

1. The students will assess England's economic ties to
the colonies.

2. Students will be able to carefully explain the growing
problems between the colonies and Britain.

3.

LESSON SUMMARY:

This lesson will cover Britain's economic relationship to the 13 colonies.

ASSIGNMENTS:

1. Review economics. historical and modern

2.

NOTES

CREATED NOVEMBER 1993

REVISED

I. World Economy 17TH and 18TH Century

A. Mercantilism dominant economic system

1. countries tried to be self sufficient

2. colonies were to serve the mother country

3. import raw materials from colonies

4. export finished goods to them

5. discourage colonial industry

a. competition

B. Acquiring bullion important

1. gold and silver reserves

C. Balance of trade

1. very important economic term

2. can be favorable or unfavorable

3. specie reserves very important then

II. Mercantile attempts to regulate colonial trade

A. Acts passed by Parliament

1. colonies had no voice in the voting

B. Navigation Acts

1. passed late 1600s, early 1700s

2. colonial exporters had to use English ships

a. raised exporters expenses

b. hindered local merchant marine

3. Dutch & Spanish goods had to be shipped
through England

a. raised the prices

b. hindered trade

C. Woolen Act

1. discouraged colonial textiles

2. illegal for colony to sell wool to another

D. Hat Act

1. outlawed export of beaver hats

2. very popular in Europe

a. keep this market for themselves

E. Iron Act

1. illegal to build iron mills in colonies

2. intended to discourage manufacture

3. England monopoly on manufacturing

III. Government of the 13 Colonies

A. Three basic types

1. Royal colony

a. became most common

b. gave crown & parliament greatest
control

2. Proprietary Colony

a. single owner

b. Pennsylvania & Maryland

3. Self-Governing colony

B. Long power struggle between colonies and Britain

1. England was far away

2. communication extremely slow

a. speed of sailing ships

3. England frequently fighting in Europe

a. civil disturbance in England 1640s

4. Colonies enjoyed a lot of freedom

C. Governors v. Colonial legislatures

1. King appointed royal governors

a. loyal to crown not the colony

b. usually had never been in the colony

2. legislatures elected by colonists

a. only wealthy white males

b. small franchise

3. constant struggle for power

a. legislatures often blackmailed
governors

b. refused to pay their salaries

IV. Voting in the colonies

A. Very Undemocratic

1. had to be a white male

2. had to be over 21

3. had to own so much property

4. most were disqualified from voting

B. Groups that couldn't usually vote

1. Jews 2. Catholics

3. Baptists 4. Quakers

5. Women 6. Indians

7. Blacks

LESSON TITLE ENGLISH COLONIES 1600-1700S

OBJECTIVES:

1. Students will be able to describe the disturbances that
occurred in England during the 1600s.

2. They will defend their social, political, and economic,
judgements of England in the 1600s.

3. They will be able to explain the circumstances around
the growing rivalry with France.

LESSON SUMMARY:

This lesson will focus on the social and political disruptions that happened in England. It will also take note of Anglo-French animosity.

ASSIGNMENTS:

1. Essays on the English civil war

2. small group research

NOTES

CREATED NOVEMBER 1993

REVISED

I. French and English rivalry for North America

A. France & England became Europe's strongest
powers

1. passed up Spain & Portugal in 1600s

2. both had North American interests

a. colonies

b. economic projects

3. both had colonies around the world

4. locked in a win-lose scenario

B. New France different from English colonies

1. huge land area, but small population

2. interested in the fur trade

3. good relations with Native Americans

4. colony not for surplus population

C. Conflict over the Ohio valley

1. both disputed the area

a. rich resources

2. England liked land, soil, & timber

3. French liked furs

D. Significant Religious difference

1. more important in 17TH century

2. France - Catholic

3. England - Protestant

a. formerly Catholic

b. persecuted Catholics in England

c. would execute a Catholic king

II. Wars effect on the English colonies

A. 1600s-1700s long series of French-English wars

1. colonies drawn into these wars

2. skirmishing in North America

B. England very unstable for most of 1600s

1. power struggle between crown & parliament

2. growing poverty in England

3. English Civil War 1642-1649

4. English participation European wars

C. Colonies cut off from England during strife

1. England focused on its own problems

2. Colonies had to fend for themselves

3. promoted strong tradition of colonial
freedom

III. Some other effects of war

A. Human costs

1. soldiers and civilians die

2. property destroyed

a. crops & cities

3. civilians suffer the most

4. famines can occur

B. War is expensive

1. debt dramatically raised

2. taxes rise also

3. rebuild after war

C. Loss of freedom occurs

1. control laws imposed on mass

2. drafts, men forced to fight

IV. English Civil War 1642-1649

A. Parliament rarely met early 1600s

1. angered the nobility

2. kings ruled by decree

B. Divine Right of Kings - challenged

1. says king derived power from God

a. implies no questioning

b. king is God's agent

2. Parliament represented other interests

C. Charles I

1. stumbled into conflict with Parliament

2. supported by high nobility & clergy

3. followers called Cavaliers

4. tried to crush Parliament

5. successful at first

D. Roundheads - named for their battle helmets

1. Supporters of Parliament

a. Puritans, Merchant Class, low nobility

b. strongest around London

2. Oliver Cromwell emerged as leader

a. subdued the Cavaliers

3. Scots turned Charles I over in 1649

a. beheaded

b. Charles II would have Cromwell's
corpse hanged & beheaded

V. English Commonwealth 1649-1658

A. Monarchy was abolished

1. England had no royal family

2. Charles II living in France

B. Cromwell ruled as dictator

1. rule was harsh early years

2. Puritans controlled England

C. Little immigration to colonies 1642-1658

1. colonies enjoyed greater freedom too

D. Richard Cromwell succeeded father 1658

1. not as capable

2. forced to resign in 1659

VI. Restoration of the Monarchy 1660

A. Negotiated by Parliament

1. placing limits on the king's power

2. constitutional monarchy

B. Throne given to Charles II 1660-1685

1. compromising leader

2. avoided contests with Parliament

3. violent religious issue calmed

a. Charles II was Catholic

4. reign was stable

C. James II

1. Charles's brother

2. not as shrewd as Charles

a. stronger Catholic

b. more willing to challenge Parliament

3. birth of a son caused political crisis

a. insured Catholic succession

b. threat to Anglican Church

4. James II driven from the thrown

a. fled to France

b. family threatened forceful return

VII. Glorious Revolution 1688

A. Parliament deposed James II

1. not executed

B. William of Orange offered the throne

1. Dutch prince, married to James II's
daughter Mary

2. Protestant

C. Agreed to Parliamentary supremacy

1. set the stage for modern government

2. Bloodless Revolution

3. put an end to holy war in England

LESSON TITLE ENGLISH COLONIES 1600-1700S

OBJECTIVES:

1. The students will define the reasons why France and
England found themselves at frequent war.

2. Students will consider and make conclusions about the
French and Indian War.

3.

LESSON SUMMARY:

The lesson will trace the history of French and English colonial wars.

ASSIGNMENTS:

1. essay writing, general to specific

2. timeline or recall worksheets

NOTES

CREATED NOVEMBER 1993

REVISED

I. European Wars 1600s-1700s

A. France & Britain great rivals

1. commercial rivals

2. colonial rivals

3. world political rivals

4. fought four wars for North America

a. colonies participated

B. Thirty Years War 1618-1648

1. last great religious war in Europe

a. Protestants v. Catholics

2. most European nations fought in it

a. very devastating to Germany

3. Holy Roman Emperor failed to reunify the
Catholic Church

4. England and France opposite sides

5. Peace of Westphalia

C. King William's War 1689-1697

1. Louis XIV Sun King

a. wanted to expand France

2. League of Augsburg formed against Louis

3. William of Orange joined against France

D. Queen Anne's War 1702-1713

1. Also called War of Spanish Succession

2. England didn't want a relative of Louis
XIV on Spain's throne

3. feared losing interior of N. America

E. King George's War 1744-48

1. War of Austrian Succession

2. also fought in North America

3. results not conclusive to North America

II. French and Indian War 1754-63

A. Called the Seven Years War in Europe

1. hostilities from 1756 to 1763

2. ended by Treaty of Paris

3. most decisive of the colonial wars

4. first to begin in North America & spread
to Europe

B. Ohio River Valley

1. rich disputed area between France & Britain

2. French built Fort Duquesne

a. near Pittsburgh

b. site controlled upper Ohio

c. seemed to lock the British out

3. lumber, fur, minerals, farmland at dispute

C. Action in Virginia

1. Governor Robert Dinwiddie

a. gave young George Washington a commission

2. Washington was to drive French out

D. 1754 Washington arrives near the Ohio

1. hastily builds Fort Necessity

2. routed by French and English

3. Washington taken prisoner

a. signed a surrender

b. paroled

4. Gave French title to the Ohio

III. French phase 1756-59

A. War went badly for the British

1. French & Indians terrorized frontier

2. many towns burned, inhabitants killed

B. 1755 Edward Braddock arrived

1. English general, trained troops

2. led an army into the Ohio region

a. Washington was on his staff

b. much bickering between English &
colonials

3. going to drive out the French

C. Braddock Ambushed

1. cutting a road through the wilderness

2. prepared to fight European style

3. waltzed into a trap

a. Braddock killed

b. Washington buried him in road,
prevent mutilation

4. Washington heroically led retreat

a. saved many lives

b. demonstrated own bravery